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2'-O-methylation (2'-O-Me) is a nucleotide epitranscriptomics modification commonly found in ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). This modification is created through post-transcriptional modification of the RNA. This modification can be performed via ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) with C/D box small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) used as a guide RNA where a methyl group is added to the 2' hydroxyl of the ribose moiety of any nucleotide (Nm) producing a methoxy group. It can also be performed through other enzymes without a guide RNA such as FTSJ1 in tRNAs. The modification of one Nm creates more stabilization in the structure by 0.2kcal/mol which is more enthalpically favorable. Currently, about 55 2'-O-methylations have been identified in yeast alone and 106 in humans and deposited in RNA Modification Base (RMBase) database.
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