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The Birmingham pen trade was a period in the 19th-century that positioned the city of Birmingham as the world's leading manufacturer of steel dip pen. It started in the 1820s when a group of entrepreneurs introduced mass production methods to leave the craftsman’s workshop behind and become a true industry. Some of those pioneers were brothers John and William Mitchell, Josiah Mason, James Perry, and Joseph Gillott. Steel pens replaced quills, the usual writing instrument by then.
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