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The insurgency in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, also known as the Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict, refers to a political and armed conflict that occurred in Bangladesh in two phases:The first phase took place from 1977 to 1997 between the government of Bangladesh and the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti and its armed wing, the Shanti Bahini, over the issue of autonomy and the land rights of Jumma people, mainly for Chakma people and the other ethnic minority of Chittagong Hill Tracts. Shanti Bahini launched an insurgency against government forces in 1977, when the country was under military rule, and the conflict continued for twenty years until the government and the PCJSS signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997.
The second phase started in 2022 with the Kuki-Chin National Front under Nathan Bom, who wanted to establish a separate state for Kuki-Chin ethnic groups in Bandarban and Rangamati. The conflict was continuing as of 2025, although raids and operations under Operation Uttaran had somewhat weakened militant groups in CHT.
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